As per the MSN convo earlier, the best thing i've found to use for cleaning up the gunk, carbon and especially varnish on cylinder heads, is Mr Muscle Oven Cleaner.
Not sure if its the same all over the world, but ours
doesn't have caustic soda in - and is in fact just a blend of petroleum byproducts and anionic surfactants & enzymes.
Shake can, spray on, leave it for 30 mins, then scrub it with a toothbrush before rinsing it off with petrol. You may need a few passes at this, but, its surprisingly fast acting and you can spray it on a surface, and start scrubbing seconds later, and the stuff just comes off.
For the really grimey stuff, ie, the inside 'wall' of the cylinder head & definitely the outside, i've discovered that a wet toothbrush, dipped in washing powder (the stuff for clothes) works wonders. Scrub away to your hearts content, just make damn sure you dont get any on the bearing surfaces, and don't leave it to sit - rinse it off straight away.
For steel/plastic parts (cam covers spring to mind) - Soak them in petrol, or xylene based cellulose thinners, give them a light scrub.....then bung them in a dishwasher. Srsly. It brought my timing cover up a treat, and removed 95% of all the gunk that had built up.
I'm sure IJ will chime in for any other handy hints