Like most mechanical systems, the fuel system has resonances related to the length of the components and the speed which the pressure waves travel in the lines. The injector fuel rail is particularly susceptible because it has two closed ends forming a nice resonator (standing waves with high and low pressure along the rail), and a bunch of vibrating injectors to excite the resonance. The dampener de-Q's the resonator, it reduces the ratio of stored energy to energy dissipated. Any mechanical system of this nature needs to have it resonances managed, which is why all the auto manufacturers use them. Its been said many times on this site, if you don't understand why something is there, don't remove it.