maximum boost by corky bell
best book ever for the layman as far as understanding turbo's
A/R can be looked at as a "size"
If the exhaust A/R is too large, than it will spool up slowly but have a pretty good top end on it. Too small, then it will spool quickly but have little top end.
Compressor A/R is similar with regard to the volume of air it can move.
The trim is an indication of the size of the compressor wheel. The larger the wheel, the more work is required from the exhaust turbine but the more air it can move, and vice versa.