http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=744206
Starting on July 1, cars and trucks built before 1996 will be exempt from having to undergo vehicle emissions inspections in southeastern Wisconsin. The latest figures in 2007 show that the change would have affected 28% of vehicles in the region - or about 175,000 cars.
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The number will drop annually in successive years as older, less-efficient cars leave the road, according to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
The decision to give older cars a pass will also send more pollutants into the air until 2018. But other factors such as the use of reformulated gas will lessen the effects, officials say.
These and other features are part of a revamping of the state's emissions inspection program for cars and trucks in seven counties, including all of metro Milwaukee.
There will be other changes taking place for the first time and affecting vehicles in the 2007 model year and after:
• Testing diesel-powered vehicles will be required,
• Testing heavy-duty vehicles that weigh 10,000 to 14,000 pounds also will be added. This weight class exceeds most large pickup trucks and SUVs.
Also, as a harbinger of the future, the Department of Transportation will offer a self-service function starting in July 2009 at selected testing stations where motorists could plug their vehicles into equipment to see if they meet standards for clean air.
Officials say the changes, which were approved by the Legislature, are driven by potential cost savings and technical improvements in cars and testing technology.
Making up for the losses
Cars built before 1996 require more expensive testing. Currently, the state exempts cars in model years 1967 and older.
The $13.3 million annual program - in Milwaukee, Waukesha, Ozaukee, Washington, Racine, Kenosha and Sheboygan counties - is financed by the state transportation fund, the state's general fund and other sources.
Cars are tested every other year at 12 facilities in the included counties.
The program began in 1984 as a tool for the region to come into compliance for violating federal clean air standards.
On a hot summer day, state figures show that the program reduces volatile organic compounds by about carbon monoxide by about 15%, volatile organic compounds by 12% and nitrogen oxide by 7%.
Yet state documents show that exempting older vehicles means reductions in auto emissions will be slowed until 2018.
But officials at Department of Transportation and the Department of Natural Resources emphasized the effect will not hamper the state's efforts to control air emission while saving state tax dollars
For example, in 2009 pollutants are projected to be 18% to 21% lower than otherwise when older vehicles are not tested, documents show. By 2018, the difference will drop to 1% to 2%.
"The changes will not be consequential to overall air quality," said Kevin Kessler, director of the DNR's Bureau of Air Management.
The Department of Natural Resources said other factors such as the use of reformulated gas, improved federal mileage standards and adding other vehicles into the testing program will make up for the losses.
Cheaper to test new cars
Meanwhile, exempting older cars will drive down the cost of the program, said Charles Rhodes, who supervises the vehicle inspection program at Department of Transportation.
Currently, the program costs about $19 per vehicle, according to the department.
Officials said it was unclear how much the state would save because its contract with its vendor, Envirotest Systems Corp., is expiring, and officials are analyzing new bids.
But Illinois officials have said the costs of their tests dropped to about $10 per test when older cars were dropped.
Testing older cars built before 1996 requires a technician to drive the vehicle on a set of rollers.
Newer cars built after 1996 have on-board diagnostics, which takes less time.
"The hard answer is that it is cheaper to test the new cars," Rhodes said.
Specifications for the new bid required companies to offer limited self-service at the start. But officials hope the winning bidder will broaden those offerings for motorists to test cars without having to wait in line at a testing station, said Stephen Hirschfeld, program analyst for the inspection program.
He said the Department of Transportation required a minimum of two self-service kiosks, "like an ATM," that motorists could plug into their car for tests.
Another feature not required in the bid, but likely to be used, is wireless technology.
Hirschfeld said the technology is much like Illinois' automated toll lanes where wireless signals read a vehicle's identity and report the findings.