Well, cables will cause the car not to start, but shouldn't make the battery go dead, unless the cables cause a short.
My car doesn't last too long for a charge without some help, but that's the security system. I can measure draw with the system armed (Which is actually less than the system disarmed) and given current draw and battery capacity, I can figure out how long I've got reasonably accurately. I'm generally okay for about 4 weeks, more than that, and I need to use a battery maintainer, which I have on all winter.
Knowing what your standing draw is (How much current is coming from the battery with the car turned off as it would be) is important. Some things run all the time, like the dashboard clock, ECU memory and the like. Aftermarket and even the factory stereos have some "off" draw as well for things like radio station and other presets, a clock, and so forth. Security systems will also draw a little to monitor for the keyfob, keep memory and sensor status (Though often the most current draw is to light up the flashing LED.) Aftermarket amplifiers often have some leakage current while off, as might stiffening capacitors, sound processors, or other sound equipment.
A bad alternator will also cause current draw. A good one might allow a tiny amount of current while the car isn't running, but a bad one will allow a lot. Checking draw while disconnecting the alternator (Both the charge cable and the voltage regulator connection) can tell you if the alternator is a problem, which it may be, even if it is charging the battery while running.
I have a multimeter with an ammeter that's good for up to 10A, more than enough to measure how much current the car uses while it's off. I put it between the negative post and negative terminal of the battery, then pull the terminal off of the post. Watch the display for a bit, and average the draw with the security LED on and the security LED off. (Doors locked and closed, hatch closed, hood pin taped down, security system armed.) It should be measured in milliamps.
Also, if you can, see if the battery goes dead while the negative terminal is disconnected. That will only happen with a battery that has an internal problem, or over the course of a very long time.